Abstract　

During the last 50 years, space observations of X-ray emission from different celestial bodies have greatly advanced our understanding of various high energy processes. Prof. Riccardo Giacconi has won the Nobel Prize in 2002 for his contribution in the development of X-ray astronomy. Now, after nearly a decade, especilly with some new state-of-art X-ray facilities, X-ray astronomy has become one of the hottest field in modern physics. X-ray emission comes from objects in a broad range of physical scales, from solar system objects to the most massive gravitational bound systems in the universe. In this talk, I will briefly introduce the history, observational technique and related science to X-ray astronomy. In particular, I will also introduce some current and future X-ray projects, as well as the development of X-ray astronomy in China.